According to Schaffer and Emerson, the quality of attachment is primarily linked to what factor?

The quality of attachment, as proposed by Schaffer and Emerson, is primarily linked to the responsiveness of caregivers. This theory emphasizes that it is not merely the quantity of time spent with an infant that determines the strength or quality of the attachment but rather how well caregivers respond to the infant's needs and cues. Responsive caregiving fosters a secure attachment, as children learn to trust that their needs will be met, which is essential for healthy emotional and social development.

The dynamics of attachment are influenced significantly by the caregiver's ability to be sensitive and attuned to the infant’s signals, which in turn shapes the child’s perceptions of safety and comfort. This responsiveness can manifest through actions such as soothing the child when they are upset or engaging in playful interactions, thereby reinforcing a bond that is rooted in trust and security.

In contrast, other factors such as the baby's age during attachment formation, the amount of time spent together, or the number of caregivers might impact the attachment process, but they do not inherently dictate the quality of the attachment itself. The foundation of a secure attachment hinges on the emotional and physical responsiveness provided by caregivers.